httpie人性化curl工具使用详解

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httpie简介

httpie是一个python写的类curl的命令行工具，跨平台，支持python2和3，友好的高亮显示以及其他的特性，基于Requests和Pygments库编写

主要特性

  • Expressive and intuitive syntax
  • Formatted and colorized terminal output
  • Built-in JSON support
  • Forms and file uploads
  • HTTPS, proxies, and authentication
  • Arbitrary request data
  • Custom headers
  • Persistent sessions
  • Wget-like downloads
  • Python 2.6, 2.7 and 3.x support
  • Linux, Mac OS X and Windows support
  • Plugins
  • Documentation
  • Test coverage

基本使用

语法

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http [--json] [--form] [--pretty {all,colors,format,none}]
     [--style STYLE] [--print WHAT] [--headers] [--body] [--verbose]
     [--all] [--history-print WHAT] [--stream] [--output FILE]
     [--download] [--continue]
     [--session SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH | --session-read-only SESSION_NAME_OR_PATH]
     [--auth USER[:PASS]] [--auth-type {basic,digest}]
     [--proxy PROTOCOL:PROXY_URL] [--follow]
     [--max-redirects MAX_REDIRECTS] [--timeout SECONDS]
     [--check-status] [--verify VERIFY]
     [--ssl {ssl2.3,ssl3,tls1,tls1.1,tls1.2}] [--cert CERT]
     [--cert-key CERT_KEY] [--ignore-stdin] [--help] [--version]
     [--traceback] [--default-scheme DEFAULT_SCHEME] [--debug]
     [METHOD] URL [REQUEST_ITEM [REQUEST_ITEM ...]]

简写就是：

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$ http [flags] [METHOD] URL [ITEM [ITEM]]

METHOD

如果不带METHOD参数，这默认为GET(没有附带请求参数)或POST(附带请求参数,默认以json格式传输)

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$ http example.org               # => GET
$ http example.org hello=world   # => POST

URL

默认协议为http://,如果主机是localhost,还可以如下简写：

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$ http :3000                    # => http://localhost:3000
$ http :/foo                    # => http://localhost/foo

另外可以使用param==value语法像url添加参数，所产生的效果就是浏览器中通过&连接的参数，注意区分POST方法所使用的param=value语法

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$ http www.google.com search=='HTTPie logo' tbm==isch
#

linux系统中可以通过

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$ alias https='http --default-scheme=https'

来创建更方便https的命令

Request items

Item Type Description
HTTP Headers Name:Value Arbitrary HTTP header, e.g. X-API-Token:123
URL parameters name==value Appends the given name/value pair as a query string parameter to the URL. The == separator is used.
Data Fields field=value, field=@file.txt Request data fields to be serialized as a JSON object (default), or to be form-encoded (--form, -f).
Raw JSON fields field:=json, field:=@file.json Useful when sending JSON and one or more fields need to be a Boolean, Number, nested Object, or an Array, e.g., meals:='["ham","spam"]' or pies:=[1,2,3] (note the quotes).
Form File Fields field@/dir/file Only available with --form, -f. For example screenshot@~/Pictures/img.png. The presence of a file field results in a multipart/form-data request.

JSON

param=value格式的参数全部会转换成json格式传输，并且value全是字符串

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$ http PUT example.org name=John email=john@example.org
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PUT / HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json, */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/json
Host: example.org
{
    "name": "John",
    "email": "john@example.org"
}

Non-string fields use the := separator, which allows you to embed raw JSON into the resulting object. Text and raw JSON files can also be embedded into fields using =@ and :=@:

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$ http PUT api.example.com/person/1 \
    name=John \
    age:=29 married:=false hobbies:='["http", "pies"]' \  # Raw JSON
    description=@about-john.txt \   # Embed text file
    bookmarks:=@bookmarks.json      # Embed JSON file
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PUT /person/1 HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json, */*
Content-Type: application/json
Host: api.example.com
{
    "age": 29,
    "hobbies": [
        "http",
        "pies"
    ],
    "description": "John is a nice guy who likes pies.",
    "married": false,
    "name": "John",
    "bookmarks": {
        "HTTPie": "http://httpie.org",
    }
}

Forms

Submitting forms is very similar to sending JSON requests. Often the only difference is in adding the --form, -f option, which ensures that data fields are serialized as, and Content-Type is set to, application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8.

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$ http --form POST api.example.org/person/1 name='John Smith' \
    email=john@example.org cv=@~/Documents/cv.txt
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POST /person/1 HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8
name=John+Smith&email=john%40example.org&cv=John's+CV+...

File upload forms

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$ http -f POST example.com/jobs name='John Smith' cv@~/Documents/cv.pdf

上面的效果和下面一样：

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<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="http://example.com/jobs">
    <input type="text" name="name" />
    <input type="file" name="cv" />
</form>

HTTP headers

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$ http example.org  User-Agent:Bacon/1.0  'Cookie:valued-visitor=yes;foo=bar'  \
    X-Foo:Bar  Referer:http://httpie.org/
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GET / HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Cookie: valued-visitor=yes;foo=bar
Host: example.org
Referer: http://httpie.org/
User-Agent: Bacon/1.0
X-Foo: Bar

There are a couple of default headers that HTTPie sets:

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GET / HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: HTTPie/<version>
Host: <taken-from-URL>

Authentication

Basic auth:

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$ http -a username:password example.org

Digest auth:

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$ http -A digest -a username:password example.org

HTTP redirects

By default, HTTP redirects are not followed and only the first response is shown. To instruct HTTPie to follow the Location header of 30x responses and show the final response instead, use the --follow, -F option.

If you additionally wish to see the intermediary requests/responses, then use the --all option as well.

To change the default limit of maximum 30 redirects, use the --max-redirects=<limit> option.

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$ http --follow --all --max-redirects=5 httpbin.org/redirect/3

Proxies

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$ http --proxy=http:http://user:pass@10.10.1.10:3128 --proxy=https:https://10.10.1.10:1080 example.org

SOCKS

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$ http --proxy=http:socks5://user:pass@host:port --proxy=https:socks5://user:pass@host:port example.org

HTTPS

可以通过--verify=no忽略证书检查

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$ http --verify=no https://example.org

可以使用--ssl=<PROTOCOL>制定ssl版本

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$ http --ssl=ssl3 https://vulnerable.example.org

Output options

Param Description
--headers, -h Only the response headers are printed.
--body, -b Only the response body is printed.
--verbose, -v Print the whole HTTP exchange (request and response). This option also enables --all (see bellow).
--print, -p Selects parts of the HTTP exchange.
Character Stands for
H request headers
B request body
h response headers
b response body 
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$ http --print=Hh PUT httpbin.org/put hello=world

Redirected output

Download a file:

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$ http example.org/Movie.mov > Movie.mov

Download mode

HTTPie features a download mode in which it acts similarly to wget.

When enabled using the --download, -d flag, response headers are printed to the terminal (stderr), and a progress bar is shown while the response body is being saved to a file.

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$ http --download https://github.com/jkbrzt/httpie/archive/master.tar.gz
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=httpie-master.tar.gz
Content-Length: 257336
Content-Type: application/x-gzip
Downloading 251.30 kB to "httpie-master.tar.gz"
Done. 251.30 kB in 2.73862s (91.76 kB/s)

Sessions

By default, every request is completely independent of any previous ones. HTTPie also supports persistent sessions, where custom headers (except for the ones starting with Content- or If-), authorization, and cookies (manually specified or sent by the server) persist between requests to the same host.

Named sessions

Create a new session named user1 for example.org:

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$ http --session=user1 -a user1:password example.org X-Foo:Bar

Now you can refer to the session by its name, and the previously used authorization and HTTP headers will automatically be set:

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$ http --session=user1 example.org

参考文档

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