arrow时间库使用详解

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arrow简介

arrow是一个提供了更易懂和友好的方法来创建、操作、格式化和转化日期、时间和时间戳的python库。可以完全替代datetime，支持python2和3

基本使用

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>>> import arrow
>>> utc = arrow.utcnow()
>>> utc
<Arrow [2013-05-11T21:23:58.970460+00:00]>
>>> utc = utc.replace(hours=-1)
>>> utc
<Arrow [2013-05-11T20:23:58.970460+00:00]>
>>> local = utc.to('US/Pacific')
>>> local
<Arrow [2013-05-11T13:23:58.970460-07:00]>
>>> arrow.get('2013-05-11T21:23:58.970460+00:00')
<Arrow [2013-05-11T21:23:58.970460+00:00]>
>>> local.timestamp
1368303838
>>> local.format()
'2013-05-11 13:23:58 -07:00'
>>> local.format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss ZZ')
'2013-05-11 13:23:58 -07:00'
>>> local.humanize()
'an hour ago'
>>> local.humanize(locale='ko_kr')
'1시간 전'

arrow对象的创建

以当前时间获取arrow对象

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>>> arrow.now()
<Arrow [2016-07-04T20:34:26.918272+08:00]>
>>> arrow.utcnow()
<Arrow [2016-07-04T12:34:34.296419+00:00]>
>>> arrow.now('US/Pacific')
<Arrow [2016-07-04T05:35:19.395502-07:00]>

默认的now()便会以系统时区作为arrow对象的时区，同时是本地时间格式。而utcnow()获取的是世界标准时间格式，所以一般情况下我们使用最多的就是arrow.now()

以指定时间戳获取arrow对象

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>>> arrow.get(1367900664)
<Arrow [2013-05-07T04:24:24+00:00]>
>>> arrow.get('1367900664')
<Arrow [2013-05-07T04:24:24+00:00]>
>>> arrow.get(1367900664.152325)
<Arrow [2013-05-07T04:24:24.152325+00:00]>
>>> arrow.get('1367900664.152325')
<Arrow [2013-05-07T04:24:24.152325+00:00]>

其他获取arrow对象的方式

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>>> arrow.get('2013-05-05 12:30:45', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss')
<Arrow [2013-05-05T12:30:45+00:00]>
>>> arrow.get('2013-09-30T15:34:00.000-07:00')
<Arrow [2013-09-30T15:34:00-07:00]>
>>> arrow.get(2016,7,4)
<Arrow [2016-07-04T00:00:00+00:00]>
>>> arrow.get(2016,7,4,20)
<Arrow [2016-07-04T20:00:00+00:00]>
>>> arrow.get(2016,7,4,20,14)
<Arrow [2016-07-04T20:14:00+00:00]>
>>> arrow.get(2016,7,4,20,14,15)
<Arrow [2016-07-04T20:14:15+00:00]>
>>> arrow.Arrow(2013, 5, 5)
<Arrow [2013-05-05T00:00:00+00:00]>

arrow对象的属性

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>>> a = arrow.now()
>>> a
<Arrow [2016-07-04T20:17:09.633154+08:00]>
>>> a.timestamp
1467634629
>>> a.year
2016
>>> a.month
7
>>> a.day
4
>>> a.hour
20
>>> a.minute
17
>>> a.second
9
>>> a.microsecond
633154
>>> a.week
27

时间的计算

基本计算

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>>> a = arrow.now()
>>> a
<Arrow [2016-07-04T20:17:09.633154+08:00]>
>>> a.replace(hour=4)
<Arrow [2016-07-04T04:17:09.633154+08:00]>
>>> a.replace(hour=4)
<Arrow [2016-07-04T04:17:09.633154+08:00]>
>>> a.replace(hours=4)
<Arrow [2016-07-05T00:17:09.633154+08:00]>
>>> b = a.replace(hour=4)
>>> b
<Arrow [2016-07-04T04:17:09.633154+08:00]>
>>> b.replace(hours=4)
<Arrow [2016-07-04T08:17:09.633154+08:00]>
>>> a
<Arrow [2016-07-04T20:17:09.633154+08:00]>

需要注意的是replace()方法是产生一个新的arrow对象，所以原来的a没变，另外注意hour与hours的区别，前者是设置时间，取值为0-23，而后者是在原来时间的基础上加减，取值可正可负。

转换为指定时间格式

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>>> arrow.now().format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss ZZ')
'2016-07-04 20:32:01 +08:00'

本地时间与标准时间的转换

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>>> a = arrow.now()
>>> a
<Arrow [2016-07-04T20:17:09.633154+08:00]>
>>> a.to('local')
<Arrow [2016-07-04T20:17:09.633154+08:00]>
>>> a.to('utc')
<Arrow [2016-07-04T12:17:09.633154+00:00]>
>>> a
<Arrow [2016-07-04T20:17:09.633154+08:00]>

同样to()也是产生新的arrow对象，对原对象没有影响

Ranges & spans

Get the time span of any unit:

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>>> arrow.utcnow().span('hour')
(<Arrow [2013-05-07T05:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-07T05:59:59.999999+00:00]>)

Or just get the floor and ceiling:

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>>> arrow.utcnow().floor('hour')
<Arrow [2013-05-07T05:00:00+00:00]>
>>> arrow.utcnow().ceil('hour')
<Arrow [2013-05-07T05:59:59.999999+00:00]>

You can also get a range of time spans:

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>>> start = datetime(2013, 5, 5, 12, 30)
>>> end = datetime(2013, 5, 5, 17, 15)
>>> for r in arrow.Arrow.span_range('hour', start, end):
...     print r
...
(<Arrow [2013-05-05T12:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-05T12:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
(<Arrow [2013-05-05T13:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-05T13:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
(<Arrow [2013-05-05T14:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-05T14:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
(<Arrow [2013-05-05T15:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-05T15:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
(<Arrow [2013-05-05T16:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-05T16:59:59.999999+00:00]>)

Or just iterate over a range of time:

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>>> start = datetime(2013, 5, 5, 12, 30)
>>> end = datetime(2013, 5, 5, 17, 15)
>>> for r in arrow.Arrow.range('hour', start, end):
...     print repr(r)
...
<Arrow [2013-05-05T12:30:00+00:00]>
<Arrow [2013-05-05T13:30:00+00:00]>
<Arrow [2013-05-05T14:30:00+00:00]>
<Arrow [2013-05-05T15:30:00+00:00]>
<Arrow [2013-05-05T16:30:00+00:00]>

Tokens

  Token Output
Year YYYY 2000, 2001, 2002 … 2012, 2013
  YY 00, 01, 02 … 12, 13
Month MMMM January, February, March …
  MMM Jan, Feb, Mar …
  MM 01, 02, 03 … 11, 12
  M 1, 2, 3 … 11, 12
Day of Year DDDD 001, 002, 003 … 364, 365
  DDD 1, 2, 3 … 4, 5
Day of Month DD 01, 02, 03 … 30, 31
  D 1, 2, 3 … 30, 31
Day of Week dddd Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday …
  ddd Mon, Tue, Wed …
  d 1, 2, 3 … 6, 7
Hour HH 00, 01, 02 … 23, 24
  H 0, 1, 2 … 23, 24
  hh 01, 02, 03 … 11, 12
  h 1, 2, 3 … 11, 12
AM / PM A AM, PM
  a am, pm
Minute mm 00, 01, 02 … 58, 59
  m 0, 1, 2 … 58, 59
Second ss 00, 01, 02 … 58, 59
  s 0, 1, 2 … 58, 59
Sub-second SSS 000, 001, 002 … 998, 999
  SS 00, 01, 02 … 98, 99
  S 0, 1, 2 … 8, 9
Timezone ZZ -07:00, -06:00 … +06:00, +07:00
  Z -0700, -0600 … +0600, +0700
Timestamp X 1381685817

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